What is literacy rate?

If we go by the proper definition, literacy simply means “the ability to read and write.” That’s all it takes to be considered literate.

This brings us to another important term—literacy rate. By definition: Literacy rate is the percentage of people in a country who can read and write. It helps us understand how educated a population is.

How is literacy rate calculated

Again, if we go by definition, it says:

The total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above who can read and write with understanding.

Let’s simplify it…

To find the literacy rate, we count the number of people who are seven years or older and can read and write in any language. Then, we compare this number to the total population and express it as a percentage.

Applying with an example

Let’s say your school has 1,000 students, and you want to find out how many can read and write. You conduct a small test and find that 850 students can do so.

Now, to calculate the literacy rate:

So, the literacy rate in your school would be 85%—meaning 85 out of every 100 students can read and write. This same method is used to calculate a country’s literacy rate, but on a much larger scale! 

India’s literacy rate is measured through the Census of India, which happens every 10 years!

Different Literacy Rates: Apart from the overall literacy rate, India also tracks:

• Adult Literacy Rate (ages 15 and above)

• Youth Literacy Rate (ages 15 to 24)

What’s up with India?

India’s literacy rate has come a long way! Back in 1951, only about 18% of the population could read and write. But over the years, with more schools, government programs, and awareness about education, the numbers have grown.

Today, India’s literacy rate is over 74.04%  as per the 2011 census, with the latest data recorded as 77% according to National Statistical Office (NSO), which means nearly 8 out of 10 people can read and write. However, there’s still a long way to go, as millions of people—especially in rural areas—still lack access to proper education.

With efforts like free schooling, mid-day meal programs, and digital learning, India is working toward a future where everyone can be literate!

The highs and lows

States with high literacy rates: Kerala has the highest literacy rate at 96.2%, followed by Mizoram at 91.58% and Delhi at 88.7%

States with low literacy rates: Bihar has the lowest literacy rate at 61.8%, followed by Arunachal Pradesh at 65.3% and Rajasthan at 66.1%.

Understanding literacy rates of our own country helps us identify educational gaps, regional disparities, and areas that need focused policy intervention to ensure equal access to learning opportunities for all.